By Suleiman Tajudeen
CITIZENS COMPASS—Depression is a common mental health disorder characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. It’s a mood disorder that can disrupt daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. The National Institute of Mental Health defines depression as a serious medical illness that affects millions of people worldwide.
Prevalence of Depression
Nigeria: Approximately 7.1% of Nigerians suffer from depression, which translates to around 14 million people. A study by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 estimated that 7,079,815 people in Nigeria have depression.
Globally: Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from depression, making it a significant public health concern. The WHO estimates that depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds.
Symptoms
Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
Fatigue or loss of energy
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Feelings of guilt, shame, or worthlessness
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation
Physical symptoms like headaches or stomach problems
Social withdrawal or isolation
Irritability or mood swings
Causes
Biological factors: Genetics, brain chemistry, and hormonal imbalances
Psychological factors: Low self-esteem, past trauma, and stress
Environmental factors: Social isolation, chronic stress, and significant life changes
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as chronic illness or pain
Medications: Some medications can contribute to depression
Substance abuse: Drug or alcohol misuse can worsen depression
Family History: A family history of depression can increase risk of depression
Social factors: Poverty, unemployment, and lack of social support can lead to depression
Trauma: Experiencing trauma or abuse can increase risk of depression
Personality traits: Certain personality traits, like perfectionism, can increase risk
Impact of depression
Relationships: Depression can strain relationships with family and friends.
Work or school: Depression can affect productivity, attendance, and performance.
Daily activities: Depression can make everyday tasks feel overwhelming.
Social withdrawal: Depression can lead to social isolation and withdrawal.
Physical health: Depression can affect sleep, appetite, and overall physical health.
Cognitive function: Depression can impact concentration, memory, and decision-making.
Leisure Activities: Depression can reduce enjoyment of hobbies and activities.
Self-care: Depression can make it challenging to prioritize self-care.
Overall Well-being: Depression can significantly impact overall quality of life.
Increased risk: Depression can increase the risk of substance abuse and suicidal thoughts.
Myths, stigma
Myth: Depression is a sign of weakness: Depression is a serious mental health condition that should be taken very seriously.
Stigma: People with depression are flawed: Depression affects anyone, regardless of strength or character.
Myth: Depression is just sadness: Depression is a complex condition with various symptoms.
Stigma: People with depression are attention-seeking: Depression is a legitimate condition that requires support from family members and…
To be continued….
Dr Suleiman Tajudeen is Director, Clinical Psychology, LUTH (Retired) & CEO/Director of Clinical Psychology, Clear Mind Psychological Consult, Km 15, Badagry Expressway, Ojo, Lagos State.
+234 803 402 4457
